Quantifying Osmotic Stress and Temperature Effects on Germination and Seedlings Growth of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) via Hydrothermal Time Model

Germination models are really useful in predicting seed germination, attributed to their application economic crop management. Hence, we evaluated cardinal temperatures (Ts), germination behavior, and model coefficients of fenugreek under varying (Ts; 10, 20, 30, 40 °C) water potentials (ψs 0, −0.01, −0.02, −0.05 MPa). We observed that the maximum minimum hydrotime constant (θH) values at 20 °C, respectively. The base potential 50 percentiles (Ψb 50) exhibited an asymmetrical pattern with highest (−0.9 MPa) value computed °C lowest (−0.13 10 °C. Furthermore, ceiling temperature (TC), (Tb), optimal (To) Fenugreek were determined be 34.5 7.8 18 In addition, index, rate percentage, energy, Timson vigor index I II, root-shoot ratio MPa Based on our findings, suggest hydrothermal time (HTT) can used explore independent synergistic effects both T ψ seeds different environmental conditions. obtained indicate is temperature-sensitive suitable for agriculture irrigated regions.